Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Mass
in [Diabetes Management]
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From: Jefferson on 2 Jan 2007 13:46 Up to June 2005 there seemed to be some hope in the INGAP peptide for restoring beta-cells and insulin secretion. Phase II trials were concluded and no report was issue inregard to the studies in type 1 and type 2 DMs. Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Mass - http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/85/4/1255 "Beta-cell mass regulation represents a critical issue for understanding diabetes, a disease characterized by a near-absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency in the number of pancreatic beta cells. The number of islet beta cells present at birth is mainly generated by the proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells, a process called neogenesis. Shortly after birth, beta-cell neogenesis stops and a small proportion of cycling beta cells can still expand the cell number to compensate for increased insulin demands, albeit at a slow rate. The low capacity for self-replication in the adult is too limited to result in a significant regeneration following extensive tissue injury. Likewise, chronically increased metabolic demands can lead to beta-cell failure to compensate. Neogenesis from progenitor cells inside or outside islets represents a more potent mechanism leading to robust expansion of the beta-cell mass, but it may require external stimuli. For therapeutic purposes, advantage could be taken from the surprising differentiation plasticity of adult pancreatic cells and possibly also from stem cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is feasible to regenerate and expand the beta-cell mass by the application of hormones and growth factors like glucagon-like peptide-1, gastrin, epidermal growth factor, and others. Treatment with these external stimuli can restore a functional beta-cell mass in diabetic animals, but further studies are required before it can be applied to humans." Pancreatic epithelial plasticity mediated by acinar cell transdifferentiation and generation of nestin-positive intermediates - http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/132/16/3767 Regeneration of the pancreatic � cell by Massimo Trucco Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children�s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. - http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/115/1/5 This study includes some nice colorful slides of pancreatic tissues. Frank
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