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From: ironjustice on 28 Aug 2008 22:33
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Original Article

Heme Iron From Diet as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in
Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Lu Qi, MD, PHD1,2, Rob M. van Dam, PHD1, Kathryn Rexrode, MD, MPH3 and
Frank B. Hu, MD, PHD1,2,4
1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts
2 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Lu Qi, Harvard
School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. E-
mail: nhlqi(a)channing.harvard.edu

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes-related metabolic abnormality may aggravate the
adverse effects of iron overload on cardiovascular health. However,
little is known about whether iron consumption affects coronary heart
disease (CHD) risk in diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively assessed the associations
of long-term intakes of dietary iron and red meat with CHD risk among
6,161 women who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS—During 54,455 person-years of follow-up from 1980 through
2000, we documented 550 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for
age and BMI, high intakes of both heme iron and red meat were
associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal CHD (P for
trend = 0.003 and 0.018), coronary revascularization (P for trend =
0.02 and 0.06), and total CHD (P for trend = 0.0009 and 0.007). Women
with the highest intake of heme iron had 50% (6–94%) increased risk of
total CHD compared with those with the lowest intake. Further
adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors did not appreciably
change the associations. The positive association between heme iron
and red meat intakes and CHD was more evident among postmenopausal
women compared with premenopausal women.

CONCLUSIONS—Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron and
red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Care 30:101-106, 2007
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1686
© 2007 by the American Diabetes Association




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From: ironjustice on 28 Aug 2008 22:48
On Aug 28, 7:33 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...(a)cashette.com> wrote:heme
iron <<

Iron content of meat linked to heart attack
March 01, 1999


NEW YORK (Reuters Health)--Elderly individuals are at greater risk
of
having a fatal heart attack if they consume a diet that is rich in
heme iron, according to a study conducted in the Netherlands.


In a study of more than 4,800 people, those who consumed the
highest
amounts of heme iron - found in meat, fish, and poultry - had
almost
double the risk of heart attack compared with those who consumed
the
lowest levels.

_________________________________________________________________



_________________________________________________________________


Further analysis of the data "indicated that the association of
heme
iron with (heart attack) was more pronounced in fatal cases," the
researchers write.


During the 4-year study, 124 of the subjects had either a fatal or
non-fatal heart attack, reported Dr. Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
from
the Erasmus University Medical School in Rotterdam, and colleagues
in
the American Journal of Epidemiology.


Those who had the lowest daily total dietary iron had an average
intake of 9.3 milligrams, while those in the highest level had an
average daily intake of 14.3 milligrams - although total iron was
not
related to heart attack risk. Average daily intakes for heme iron
were
0.48 milligrams and 1.36 milligrams for the lowest and highest
consumers, respectively.


The authors note that the association between elevated levels of
heme
iron and heart attack in the presence of other risk factors is
"compatible with the hypothesis that iron plays a role in
promoting
LDL cholesterol oxidation," thereby increasing the risk of
cardiovascular disease.


The team concludes that "a high dietary heme iron intake increases
the
risk of myocardial infarction in the presence of other risk
factors
and may specifically affect its fatality."

------------------------------



Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk


From: ironjustice on 28 Aug 2008 22:51
On Aug 28, 7:33 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...(a)cashette.com> wrote:heme
iron and
red meat <<

Iron, Red Meat May Up Heart Disease Risk For Women

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Medically Reviewed On: February 13, 2007

(iVillage Total Health) - Women with type 2 diabetes may be at greater
risk of developing coronary heart disease if they consume large
amounts of iron in red meats, according to a new study.

Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health's Department of
Nutrition found that iron overloads over a long period of time
increased the risk of coronary heart disease, heart attack and the
need for coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty for diabetic women.

The study used data collected in the Nurses' Health Study, a long-term
assessment of medical histories of 121,700 female registered nurses
ages 30 to 55. The Harvard researchers selected 6,161 of the women—
those who indicated they had type 2 diabetes. Participants were
tracked from 1980 to 2000 and given periodic questionnaires assessing
their health, food intake and incidence of chronic diseases and
illness.


Researchers noted that little is known about the health effects of
dietary iron on cardiovascular risk in diabetes. So-called "heme iron"
is iron derived from red meat, poultry and seafood. For this study,
red meat was defined as beef, pork or lamb in a main dish, hamburger,
hot dogs, processed meats and bacon.

The study found that heme iron intake was also associated with
increased risk of coronary heart disease and death, especially among
postmenopausal women. Researchers believed that because premenopausal
women lose a significant amount of iron during their monthly menstrual
cycles, they may be less likely to develop coronary heart problems.

Researchers could not be certain how much of the heart disease link
may have been due to saturated fats found in red meats. Saturated fats
contain cholesterol, fatty deposits that clog blood vessels and lead
to high blood pressure and heart disease.

The study was published in the January issue of Diabetes Care, the
journal of the American Diabetes Association.

Copyright 2007 iVillage Total Health.


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk


From: Paul T. Holland on 29 Aug 2008 15:56
please explain the pertinence of:

>CONCLUSIONS�Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron and
>red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.

to fibromyalgia newsgroup

ironjustice wrote:
>
> Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
> Original Article
>
> Heme Iron From Diet as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in
> Women With Type 2 Diabetes
> Lu Qi, MD, PHD1,2, Rob M. van Dam, PHD1, Kathryn Rexrode, MD, MPH3 and
> Frank B. Hu, MD, PHD1,2,4
> 1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
> Massachusetts
> 2 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women�s
> Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
> 3 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
> Women�s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
> 4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
> Massachusetts
>
> Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Lu Qi, Harvard
> School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. E-
> mail: nhlqi(a)channing.harvard.edu
>
> OBJECTIVE�Diabetes-related metabolic abnormality may aggravate the
> adverse effects of iron overload on cardiovascular health. However,
> little is known about whether iron consumption affects coronary heart
> disease (CHD) risk in diabetes.
>
> RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS�We prospectively assessed the associations
> of long-term intakes of dietary iron and red meat with CHD risk among
> 6,161 women who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
>
> RESULTS�During 54,455 person-years of follow-up from 1980 through
> 2000, we documented 550 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for
> age and BMI, high intakes of both heme iron and red meat were
> associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal CHD (P for
> trend = 0.003 and 0.018), coronary revascularization (P for trend =
> 0.02 and 0.06), and total CHD (P for trend = 0.0009 and 0.007). Women
> with the highest intake of heme iron had 50% (6�94%) increased risk of
> total CHD compared with those with the lowest intake. Further
> adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors did not appreciably
> change the associations. The positive association between heme iron
> and red meat intakes and CHD was more evident among postmenopausal
> women compared with premenopausal women.
>
> CONCLUSIONS�Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron and
> red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.
>
> Diabetes Care 30:101-106, 2007
> DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1686
> � 2007 by the American Diabetes Association
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
> http://tinyurl.com/634q5a
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!
> http://tinyurl.com/4rq595
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
> http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
From: ironjustice on 29 Aug 2008 16:12
On Aug 29, 12:56 pm, "Paul T. Holland" <pholl...(a)bellatlantic.net>
wrote: long winded whack <<

http://kook.us/holland.htm

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Original Article

Heme Iron From Diet as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in
Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Lu Qi, MD, PHD1,2, Rob M. van Dam, PHD1, Kathryn Rexrode, MD, MPH3
and
Frank B. Hu, MD, PHD1,2,4
1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts
2 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham
and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,
Boston,
Massachusetts


Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Lu Qi, Harvard
School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. E-
mail: nh...(a)channing.harvard.edu


OBJECTIVE—Diabetes-related metabolic abnormality may aggravate the
adverse effects of iron overload on cardiovascular health. However,
little is known about whether iron consumption affects coronary heart
disease (CHD) risk in diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively assessed the
associations
of long-term intakes of dietary iron and red meat with CHD risk among
6,161 women who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.


RESULTS—During 54,455 person-years of follow-up from 1980 through
2000, we documented 550 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for
age and BMI, high intakes of both heme iron and red meat were
associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal CHD (P for
trend = 0.003 and 0.018), coronary revascularization (P for trend =
0.02 and 0.06), and total CHD (P for trend = 0.0009 and 0.007). Women
with the highest intake of heme iron had 50% (6–94%) increased risk
of
total CHD compared with those with the lowest intake. Further
adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors did not
appreciably
change the associations. The positive association between heme iron
and red meat intakes and CHD was more evident among postmenopausal
women compared with premenopausal women.


CONCLUSIONS—Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron
and
red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.


Diabetes Care 30:101-106, 2007
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1686
© 2007 by the American Diabetes Association




Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk


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