Poorly Ascribed Potassium Levels
in [Nutrition]
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From: ironjustice on 29 Jul 2008 16:22 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_11_38/ai_n27080193/pg_4 One of the most common causes for elevated potassium is fist clenching or pumping before or during the venipuncture. Fist pumping has been taught to generations of medical students and phlebotomists as a means to make the veins more visible for venipuncture; however, it adversely affects the potassium. In 1990 Don, et al, (8) presented a case that clearly demonstrated the harm that can occur if the potassium is falsely elevated. The patient was a university professor whose elevated potassium led to hospitalization with many investigations that led nowhere, because the potassium was, in fact, not elevated. A series of experiments were conducted that showed fist clenching was the cause for the elevated potassium. The source of the potassium is local release of muscle-cell potassium from the forearm muscles. (8) Increased potassium in the interstitial fluid of the muscles of the forearm may increase the blood flow to those muscles. http://members.tripod.com/~charles_W/blood.html WHEN BLOOD POTASSIUM is too HIGH (Hyperkalemia), chapter XIII by Charles Weber Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
From: ironjustice on 2 Aug 2008 19:38 On Jul 29, 1:22 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...(a)hotmail.com> wrote: potassium << "Contribution of patient fist clenching on potassium has been underestimated" Is suboptimal phlebotomy technique impacting on potassium results for primary care? Ann Clin Biochem 2008;45:266-269 Ian R Bailey and Vanessa R Thurlow Department of Chemical Pathology, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, Kent BR6 8ND, UK Corresponding author: Ms Vanessa R Thurlow. Email: vanessa.thurlow(a)bromleyhospitals.nhs.uk Background: Pre-analytical problems causing pseudohyperkalaemia have been highlighted previously. These include transit time and temperature effects when sample collection points are geographically widely spread. Similarly, inappropriate phlebotomy technique (in particular, requesting patients to fist clench to facilitate venesection) is a documented cause of pseudohyperkalaemia, but its incidence may be impossible to establish. This study illustrates how primary care population serum potassium data altered when local phlebotomy clinics optimized their technique. Methods: The effect of improving phlebotomy was studied by plotting average monthly primary care population serum potassium data and average percentage of samples with hyperkalaemia (5.2 mmol/L or higher) against mean monthly temperature before and after changes in phlebotomy practice. Only samples from primary care were included between 2002 and 2005 inclusive. Results: Primary care population serum potassium was inversely related to ambient temperature. Following the change in phlebotomy practice, the annual percentage of results above reference range (5.2 mmol/L or higher) was reduced from 9% to 6% and the number of results breaching the upper telephoning threshold (5.8 mmol/L or higher) fell from 0.9% to 0.5%. Conclusions: Ensuring that phlebotomists were trained to avoid facilitating venesection by requesting patients to hand grip (fist clench), was associated with lower mean serum potassium results for the primary care patient population and a reduced incidence of hyperkalaemia. It is likely that the contribution of patient fist clenching during phlebotomy to pseudohyperkalaemia has been underestimated Annals of Clinical Biochemistry > Volume 45, Number 3 > Pp. 266-269 doi:10.1258/acb.2007.007123 © 2008 Association for Clinical Biochemistry Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk > http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_11_38/ai_n27080193/pg_4 > > One of the most common causes for elevated potassium is fist clenching > or pumping before or during the venipuncture. Fist pumping has been > taught to generations of medical students and phlebotomists as a means > to make the veins more visible for venipuncture; however, it adversely > affects the potassium. > > In 1990 Don, et al, (8) presented a case that clearly demonstrated the > harm that can occur if the potassium is falsely elevated. The patient > was a university professor whose elevated potassium led to > hospitalization with many investigations that led nowhere, because the > potassium was, in fact, not elevated. A series of experiments were > conducted that showed fist clenching was the cause for the elevated > potassium. The source of the potassium is local release of muscle-cell > potassium from the forearm muscles. (8) Increased potassium in the > interstitial fluid of the muscles of the forearm may increase the > blood flow to those muscles. > > http://members.tripod.com/~charles_W/blood.html > > WHEN BLOOD POTASSIUM is too HIGH (Hyperkalemia), chapter XIII > by Charles Weber > > Who loves ya. > Tom > > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh > > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595 > > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
From: ironjustice on 2 Aug 2008 22:52 http://members.tripod.com/~charles_W/blood.html
From: Manky Badger on 3 Aug 2008 10:33 "ironjustice" <ironjustice(a)lol.com> wrote in message news:0001HW.C4BA87AA001C054EB01AD9AF(a)localhost... > http://members.tripod.com/~charles_W/blood.html "People who have weak kidneys probably should sleep at night with the window open. In my opinion excessive dreaming is an indication of high carbon dioxide in the air" "plasma potassium can be anonymously high " "it would be a good idea to stop eating lead" "Before assuming that your potassium is too high be sure that the analysis of blood is of plasma and not of serum " Oh, you have excelled yourself with this one Tom. Thank you for that web site - it's hilarious.
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