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From: Kofi on 14 May 2007 21:39
In the last year, allergic rhinitis has been linked to abnormal immune
reactions to the chitin produced by fungi and mites in sinus passages.
While looking through the butyrate literature, I came across an old
reference to the ability of butyrate to reduce chitin production in
yeast cells (Candida albicans).

Butyrate is produced by some bacteria when they digest dietary fiber.
Yeast and bacteria live side by side on surfaces of the human body like
the lining of the intestines where they compete for nutrients and help
the body digest food and manufacture vitamins. Normally these organisms
stay in balance due to this competition but heavy antibiotic exposure
can throw that balance out of whack and lead to fungal infections and
allergies. Butyrate provides a common, underlying link connecting
rhinitis, allergies and mold sensitivity.

Butyrate stimulates regulatory T-cells. A drop in Tregs can cause
autoimmunity whereas boosting their numbers and function alleviates
autoimmune symptoms - like, theoretically, a mold allergy. Butyrate
also reduces chitin production. Killing the bacteria which produce
butyrate would then encourage autoimmunity/allergy and prompt more
chitin production by surviving yeast, thus affecting individuals
predisposed to be sensitive to the higher levels of chitin. (By the
way, many of these bacteria themselves have anti-inflammatory, calming
influences on the immune system. The body recognizes fragments of their
genetic code or cell surface chemicals and turns off its inflammatory
reactions.)

It's just a theory I've cobbled together but it fits the facts fairly
well. I've certainly noticed a drop in my allergies and runny nose
while taking butyrate and carnitine. This may explain part of it.
Correlation doesn't establish causation but these coincidences point to
an hypothesis worthy of wider testing.


Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):330-5.
�
Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic
rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Ramanathan M Jr, Lee WK, Lane AP.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910, USA.

BACKGROUND: Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungi,
insects, and parasitic nematodes. Innate immune host defense against
chitin-containing pathogens include production of chitinases. In human
lower airways, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced in
epithelial cells via a Th2-specific, IL-13-dependent pathway, and may
act as an inflammatory mediator in asthma. The role of AMCase in chronic
rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been studied previously. METHODS: Eleven
controls and 22 subjects with medically recalcitrant CRS were
prospectively enrolled before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. RNA
was extracted from surgically obtained ethmoid mucosa, and real-time PCR
was used to determine expression of AMCase, eotaxin, and IL-13. Subjects
were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively to assess for polyp
recurrence. Based on the presence or absence of polyps, the subjects
were classified as either recalcitrant or responsive to therapy.
RESULTS: AMCase mRNA was detected in the sinus mucosa of 72% of control
subjects and in 72% of patients with eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps
(CRSwNP). The expression of AMCase was significantly greater in
recalcitrant CRSwNP than it was in treatment-responsive CRSwNP. There
was no significant difference in IL-13 expression between these two
groups. CONCLUSION: AMCase may be an important mediator in the
pathogenesis of Th2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.
Failure of medical and surgical therapy in CRSwNP is associated with
significantly increased expression of AMCase, but not the Th2 cytokines
IL-13 and eotaxin. Additional studies are needed to determine the
potential of AMCase as a therapeutic target in CRSwNP.

Publication Types:
* Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 16871939


Can J Microbiol. 1987 Jun;33(6):546-50.

Effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on chitin synthesis in Candida
albicans.

Braun PC, Hector RF, Kamark ME, Hart JT, Cihlar RL.

Experiments were conducted to gain insight concerning the mechanism(s)
whereby cerulenin and sodium butyrate affect chitin synthesis in Candida
albicans. In vitro studies with isolated membrane-bound chitin synthase
from C. albicans, strain 4918, showed that neither agent affected the
level of either unactivated or trypsin-activated enzyme activity.
Subsequent studies utilizing protoplasts revealed that early in the cell
wall regeneration process, cells treated with cerulenin or butyrate
synthesized chitin at a rate equal to untreated controls, as measured by
the incorporation of [3H]-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into acid-alkali
insoluble material. However, after 40 min of incubation, the
incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc into chitin is reduced in cells treated with
either agent. On the other hand, samples taken during the same time
intervals and analyzed by flow cytometry suggested that the amount of
chitin synthesis in treated and untreated cells was identical. A marked
decrease in fluorescence was observed in similar experiments using
polyoxin D, a direct inhibitor of chitin synthase activity. Experiments
that measured uptake of [3H]GlcNAc into both whole cells and protoplasts
demonstrated that cerulenin and butyrate had no effect on the transport
of the chitin precursor.

Publication Types:
* Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
* Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

PMID: 2957042 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Sep;24(3):401-8.
��
Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of
Candida albicans.

Hoberg KA, Cihlar RL, Calderone RA.

Candida albicans germination in liquid medium was inhibition by the
antilipogenic agent cerulenin and the fatty acid sodium butyrate.
Although these inhibitors prevented germ tube emergence at
concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 20 mM, respectively, neither
significantly affected cell viability as judged by trypan blue staining
or the rate of protein biosynthesis throughout the time course of the
experiments. Cerulenin treatment resulted in inhibition of lipid
biosynthesis, but lipid biosynthetic capabilities remained unaltered in
sodium butyrate-supplemented cultures. Because each inhibitor blocks
germination by different mechanisms, their utility in distinguishing
events directly correlated to germination was examined. In this context,
chitin synthase activity was inhibited by both compounds, confirming the
importance of chitin biosynthesis in C. albicans germination.

Publication Types:
* Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
* Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

PMID: 6357077
From: Jeff on 22 May 2007 22:06
I'd like to know more about sinusitis or allergic rhinitis, or what ever it
is that I have, since I've had bad sinus problems for a long long time. Last
time I mentioned to my doctor that I'd like to get something to treat it, he
said that the Cipro I was taking should take care of it. He was assuming it
was some form of sinus infection.

But something you said about antibiotics making it worse could be more
closer to what I am experiencing. I don't know how one could validate or
verify exactly what is going on up inside there. Last time I saw an
Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat guy - he wanted to perform surgery. I knew that wasn't
for me, especially given the lack of diagnostics that were performed for him
to come to that conclusion, so I developed an extreme distrust for that
discipline.

tx
Jeff

"Kofi" <kofi(a)anon.un> wrote in message
news:kofi-38B769.20351414052007(a)news.east.earthlink.net...
> In the last year, allergic rhinitis has been linked to abnormal immune
> reactions to the chitin produced by fungi and mites in sinus passages.
> While looking through the butyrate literature, I came across an old
> reference to the ability of butyrate to reduce chitin production in
> yeast cells (Candida albicans).
>
> Butyrate is produced by some bacteria when they digest dietary fiber.
> Yeast and bacteria live side by side on surfaces of the human body like
> the lining of the intestines where they compete for nutrients and help
> the body digest food and manufacture vitamins. Normally these organisms
> stay in balance due to this competition but heavy antibiotic exposure
> can throw that balance out of whack and lead to fungal infections and
> allergies. Butyrate provides a common, underlying link connecting
> rhinitis, allergies and mold sensitivity.
>
> Butyrate stimulates regulatory T-cells. A drop in Tregs can cause
> autoimmunity whereas boosting their numbers and function alleviates
> autoimmune symptoms - like, theoretically, a mold allergy. Butyrate
> also reduces chitin production. Killing the bacteria which produce
> butyrate would then encourage autoimmunity/allergy and prompt more
> chitin production by surviving yeast, thus affecting individuals
> predisposed to be sensitive to the higher levels of chitin. (By the
> way, many of these bacteria themselves have anti-inflammatory, calming
> influences on the immune system. The body recognizes fragments of their
> genetic code or cell surface chemicals and turns off its inflammatory
> reactions.)
>
> It's just a theory I've cobbled together but it fits the facts fairly
> well. I've certainly noticed a drop in my allergies and runny nose
> while taking butyrate and carnitine. This may explain part of it.
> Correlation doesn't establish causation but these coincidences point to
> an hypothesis worthy of wider testing.
>
>
> Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):330-5.
>
> Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic
> rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
>
> Ramanathan M Jr, Lee WK, Lane AP.
>
> Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
> University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910, USA.
>
> BACKGROUND: Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungi,
> insects, and parasitic nematodes. Innate immune host defense against
> chitin-containing pathogens include production of chitinases. In human
> lower airways, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced in
> epithelial cells via a Th2-specific, IL-13-dependent pathway, and may
> act as an inflammatory mediator in asthma. The role of AMCase in chronic
> rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been studied previously. METHODS: Eleven
> controls and 22 subjects with medically recalcitrant CRS were
> prospectively enrolled before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. RNA
> was extracted from surgically obtained ethmoid mucosa, and real-time PCR
> was used to determine expression of AMCase, eotaxin, and IL-13. Subjects
> were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively to assess for polyp
> recurrence. Based on the presence or absence of polyps, the subjects
> were classified as either recalcitrant or responsive to therapy.
> RESULTS: AMCase mRNA was detected in the sinus mucosa of 72% of control
> subjects and in 72% of patients with eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps
> (CRSwNP). The expression of AMCase was significantly greater in
> recalcitrant CRSwNP than it was in treatment-responsive CRSwNP. There
> was no significant difference in IL-13 expression between these two
> groups. CONCLUSION: AMCase may be an important mediator in the
> pathogenesis of Th2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.
> Failure of medical and surgical therapy in CRSwNP is associated with
> significantly increased expression of AMCase, but not the Th2 cytokines
> IL-13 and eotaxin. Additional studies are needed to determine the
> potential of AMCase as a therapeutic target in CRSwNP.
>
> Publication Types:
> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>
> PMID: 16871939
>
>
> Can J Microbiol. 1987 Jun;33(6):546-50.
>
> Effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on chitin synthesis in Candida
> albicans.
>
> Braun PC, Hector RF, Kamark ME, Hart JT, Cihlar RL.
>
> Experiments were conducted to gain insight concerning the mechanism(s)
> whereby cerulenin and sodium butyrate affect chitin synthesis in Candida
> albicans. In vitro studies with isolated membrane-bound chitin synthase
> from C. albicans, strain 4918, showed that neither agent affected the
> level of either unactivated or trypsin-activated enzyme activity.
> Subsequent studies utilizing protoplasts revealed that early in the cell
> wall regeneration process, cells treated with cerulenin or butyrate
> synthesized chitin at a rate equal to untreated controls, as measured by
> the incorporation of [3H]-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into acid-alkali
> insoluble material. However, after 40 min of incubation, the
> incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc into chitin is reduced in cells treated with
> either agent. On the other hand, samples taken during the same time
> intervals and analyzed by flow cytometry suggested that the amount of
> chitin synthesis in treated and untreated cells was identical. A marked
> decrease in fluorescence was observed in similar experiments using
> polyoxin D, a direct inhibitor of chitin synthase activity. Experiments
> that measured uptake of [3H]GlcNAc into both whole cells and protoplasts
> demonstrated that cerulenin and butyrate had no effect on the transport
> of the chitin precursor.
>
> Publication Types:
> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>
> PMID: 2957042 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>
>
> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Sep;24(3):401-8.
>
> Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of
> Candida albicans.
>
> Hoberg KA, Cihlar RL, Calderone RA.
>
> Candida albicans germination in liquid medium was inhibition by the
> antilipogenic agent cerulenin and the fatty acid sodium butyrate.
> Although these inhibitors prevented germ tube emergence at
> concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 20 mM, respectively, neither
> significantly affected cell viability as judged by trypan blue staining
> or the rate of protein biosynthesis throughout the time course of the
> experiments. Cerulenin treatment resulted in inhibition of lipid
> biosynthesis, but lipid biosynthetic capabilities remained unaltered in
> sodium butyrate-supplemented cultures. Because each inhibitor blocks
> germination by different mechanisms, their utility in distinguishing
> events directly correlated to germination was examined. In this context,
> chitin synthase activity was inhibited by both compounds, confirming the
> importance of chitin biosynthesis in C. albicans germination.
>
> Publication Types:
> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>
> PMID: 6357077


From: Vanny on 23 May 2007 04:50
Sinusitis might be connected to reflux, although once it has got that far it
may have progressed to an infection. You can always try a low acid diet and
add Tums or Rennies to see if there is any change. Although neither gets rid
of the refluxing it just changes the pH of the refluxate. A lot of earache
in children is now being attributed to reflux.

Did the doctor take a nasal and throat swab? Did he prescribe a short course
anti-histamines to check the allergic rhinitis bit? Is is a side-effect of
your medication or any supplements you might be taking? www.drugs.com
www.rxlist.com

I saw an ENT doc. last year and another in February this year for chronic
RHS earache and I was not particularly impressed with either of them - it
ended up being a jaw muscle problem, which can be brought about by dental
work and/or a change in medication. I had had both plus a broken jaw in
1985, which most likely contributed. It was my internist that immediately
referred me to a jaw surgeon who diagnosed it and ground my teeth down.

Vanny


"Jeff" <jn425(a)comcast.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:R9WdnSFL1Ig4PM7bnZ2dnUVZ_u-unZ2d(a)comcast.com...
> I'd like to know more about sinusitis or allergic rhinitis, or what ever
> it is that I have, since I've had bad sinus problems for a long long time.
> Last time I mentioned to my doctor that I'd like to get something to treat
> it, he said that the Cipro I was taking should take care of it. He was
> assuming it was some form of sinus infection.
>
> But something you said about antibiotics making it worse could be more
> closer to what I am experiencing. I don't know how one could validate or
> verify exactly what is going on up inside there. Last time I saw an
> Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat guy - he wanted to perform surgery. I knew that wasn't
> for me, especially given the lack of diagnostics that were performed for
> him to come to that conclusion, so I developed an extreme distrust for
> that discipline.
>
> tx
> Jeff
>
> "Kofi" <kofi(a)anon.un> wrote in message
> news:kofi-38B769.20351414052007(a)news.east.earthlink.net...
>> In the last year, allergic rhinitis has been linked to abnormal immune
>> reactions to the chitin produced by fungi and mites in sinus passages.
>> While looking through the butyrate literature, I came across an old
>> reference to the ability of butyrate to reduce chitin production in
>> yeast cells (Candida albicans).
>>
>> Butyrate is produced by some bacteria when they digest dietary fiber.
>> Yeast and bacteria live side by side on surfaces of the human body like
>> the lining of the intestines where they compete for nutrients and help
>> the body digest food and manufacture vitamins. Normally these organisms
>> stay in balance due to this competition but heavy antibiotic exposure
>> can throw that balance out of whack and lead to fungal infections and
>> allergies. Butyrate provides a common, underlying link connecting
>> rhinitis, allergies and mold sensitivity.
>>
>> Butyrate stimulates regulatory T-cells. A drop in Tregs can cause
>> autoimmunity whereas boosting their numbers and function alleviates
>> autoimmune symptoms - like, theoretically, a mold allergy. Butyrate
>> also reduces chitin production. Killing the bacteria which produce
>> butyrate would then encourage autoimmunity/allergy and prompt more
>> chitin production by surviving yeast, thus affecting individuals
>> predisposed to be sensitive to the higher levels of chitin. (By the
>> way, many of these bacteria themselves have anti-inflammatory, calming
>> influences on the immune system. The body recognizes fragments of their
>> genetic code or cell surface chemicals and turns off its inflammatory
>> reactions.)
>>
>> It's just a theory I've cobbled together but it fits the facts fairly
>> well. I've certainly noticed a drop in my allergies and runny nose
>> while taking butyrate and carnitine. This may explain part of it.
>> Correlation doesn't establish causation but these coincidences point to
>> an hypothesis worthy of wider testing.
>>
>>
>> Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):330-5.
>>
>> Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic
>> rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
>>
>> Ramanathan M Jr, Lee WK, Lane AP.
>>
>> Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
>> University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910, USA.
>>
>> BACKGROUND: Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungi,
>> insects, and parasitic nematodes. Innate immune host defense against
>> chitin-containing pathogens include production of chitinases. In human
>> lower airways, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced in
>> epithelial cells via a Th2-specific, IL-13-dependent pathway, and may
>> act as an inflammatory mediator in asthma. The role of AMCase in chronic
>> rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been studied previously. METHODS: Eleven
>> controls and 22 subjects with medically recalcitrant CRS were
>> prospectively enrolled before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. RNA
>> was extracted from surgically obtained ethmoid mucosa, and real-time PCR
>> was used to determine expression of AMCase, eotaxin, and IL-13. Subjects
>> were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively to assess for polyp
>> recurrence. Based on the presence or absence of polyps, the subjects
>> were classified as either recalcitrant or responsive to therapy.
>> RESULTS: AMCase mRNA was detected in the sinus mucosa of 72% of control
>> subjects and in 72% of patients with eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps
>> (CRSwNP). The expression of AMCase was significantly greater in
>> recalcitrant CRSwNP than it was in treatment-responsive CRSwNP. There
>> was no significant difference in IL-13 expression between these two
>> groups. CONCLUSION: AMCase may be an important mediator in the
>> pathogenesis of Th2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.
>> Failure of medical and surgical therapy in CRSwNP is associated with
>> significantly increased expression of AMCase, but not the Th2 cytokines
>> IL-13 and eotaxin. Additional studies are needed to determine the
>> potential of AMCase as a therapeutic target in CRSwNP.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>>
>> PMID: 16871939
>>
>>
>> Can J Microbiol. 1987 Jun;33(6):546-50.
>>
>> Effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on chitin synthesis in Candida
>> albicans.
>>
>> Braun PC, Hector RF, Kamark ME, Hart JT, Cihlar RL.
>>
>> Experiments were conducted to gain insight concerning the mechanism(s)
>> whereby cerulenin and sodium butyrate affect chitin synthesis in Candida
>> albicans. In vitro studies with isolated membrane-bound chitin synthase
>> from C. albicans, strain 4918, showed that neither agent affected the
>> level of either unactivated or trypsin-activated enzyme activity.
>> Subsequent studies utilizing protoplasts revealed that early in the cell
>> wall regeneration process, cells treated with cerulenin or butyrate
>> synthesized chitin at a rate equal to untreated controls, as measured by
>> the incorporation of [3H]-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into acid-alkali
>> insoluble material. However, after 40 min of incubation, the
>> incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc into chitin is reduced in cells treated with
>> either agent. On the other hand, samples taken during the same time
>> intervals and analyzed by flow cytometry suggested that the amount of
>> chitin synthesis in treated and untreated cells was identical. A marked
>> decrease in fluorescence was observed in similar experiments using
>> polyoxin D, a direct inhibitor of chitin synthase activity. Experiments
>> that measured uptake of [3H]GlcNAc into both whole cells and protoplasts
>> demonstrated that cerulenin and butyrate had no effect on the transport
>> of the chitin precursor.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>>
>> PMID: 2957042 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>
>>
>> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Sep;24(3):401-8.
>>
>> Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of
>> Candida albicans.
>>
>> Hoberg KA, Cihlar RL, Calderone RA.
>>
>> Candida albicans germination in liquid medium was inhibition by the
>> antilipogenic agent cerulenin and the fatty acid sodium butyrate.
>> Although these inhibitors prevented germ tube emergence at
>> concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 20 mM, respectively, neither
>> significantly affected cell viability as judged by trypan blue staining
>> or the rate of protein biosynthesis throughout the time course of the
>> experiments. Cerulenin treatment resulted in inhibition of lipid
>> biosynthesis, but lipid biosynthetic capabilities remained unaltered in
>> sodium butyrate-supplemented cultures. Because each inhibitor blocks
>> germination by different mechanisms, their utility in distinguishing
>> events directly correlated to germination was examined. In this context,
>> chitin synthase activity was inhibited by both compounds, confirming the
>> importance of chitin biosynthesis in C. albicans germination.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>>
>> PMID: 6357077
>
>


From: Musashi on 23 May 2007 20:36
Hey, I've had chronic sinusitis for years. I have noted infected and
inflammed adenoids too. Maybe you have that? I assume because the
adenoids are part of our immune system and we have an immune disease,
that there's something going on there.

On top of that I suffer bad from hayfever and have terrible allergies
to our cat and dog. I don't live with that cat anymore, but have to
dog around quite a lot. Anyway, since being on 6mp my allergies seem
to have disappeared. Now, to me this suggests that I have an
overactive immune system, that's what my whole disease is, as
allergies are an immune response to foreign bodies. Of course
allergies would happen if you have an overactive immune system. I
think that the 6mp has lowered my immune system down to a normal or
low level, so there's no allergies appearing anymore. I have had to be
on antihistamines for years, but don't take them anymore.

I am also awaiting nose and tonsil surgery. Funny how my parts of my
immune system have been effecting. My nose surgery is because I have a
broken septum which needs straightening, and I also need my airways
burned open and my sinuses drained. I'm not worried about the nose
surgery, it's the tonsil surgery that bothers me! The surgeon was
lovely enough to tell me that I should expect excruciating pain for at
least 10 days. And I can't take the painkillers because even one dose
constipates me beyond belief and that really hurts me bad through my
strictures. My only choice is to take Ibuprofen (which my Dr said
would be ok to take just for 10 days) and Paracetamol.

Anyway, I hope I have given you some ideas.

Musashi




On 23 May, 03:06, "Jeff" <j...(a)comcast.net> wrote:
> I'd like to know more about sinusitis or allergic rhinitis, or what ever it
> is that I have, since I've had bad sinus problems for a long long time. Last
> time I mentioned to my doctor that I'd like to get something to treat it, he
> said that the Cipro I was taking should take care of it. He was assuming it
> was some form of sinus infection.
>
> But something you said about antibiotics making it worse could be more
> closer to what I am experiencing. I don't know how one could validate or
> verify exactly what is going on up inside there. Last time I saw an
> Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat guy - he wanted to perform surgery. I knew that wasn't
> for me, especially given the lack of diagnostics that were performed for him
> to come to that conclusion, so I developed an extreme distrust for that
> discipline.
>
> tx
> Jeff
>
>

From: Jeff on 23 May 2007 21:40
Thanks both for your replies. I do know some of what I have is food related.
For instance if I eat meat that has any fat on it my nose will fill up the
next day. But I think it actually comes from my throat and works it's way up
into my nose. Because I also have mucus which I can hawk up some nice
luggies with.

The only time in the past 30 years my sinuses have been completely clear was
when I went on a macrobiotic diet. No meat, or dairy. The only problem was I
lost weight and I was slim to begin with. When the New England winter came
along I almost froze to death so I went back to eating meat again. I'd
rather be warm and have bad sinuses then dead and clear sinuses. :)

Right now I have some other health problems I'm dealing with, besides the
colitis. When I get that (hopefully) squared away I'm going to see what I
can do about my sinuses. I am allergic to cats but a friend of mine has one
who is my best friend. She's very playful and sometimes acts more like a dog
or human being then a cat. But also very cat-like at times too. I totally
adore the little critter and sneezing and wheezing is a small price to pay.


tx
Jeff


"Jeff" <jn425(a)comcast.net> wrote in message
news:R9WdnSFL1Ig4PM7bnZ2dnUVZ_u-unZ2d(a)comcast.com...
> I'd like to know more about sinusitis or allergic rhinitis, or what ever
> it is that I have, since I've had bad sinus problems for a long long time.
> Last time I mentioned to my doctor that I'd like to get something to treat
> it, he said that the Cipro I was taking should take care of it. He was
> assuming it was some form of sinus infection.
>
> But something you said about antibiotics making it worse could be more
> closer to what I am experiencing. I don't know how one could validate or
> verify exactly what is going on up inside there. Last time I saw an
> Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat guy - he wanted to perform surgery. I knew that wasn't
> for me, especially given the lack of diagnostics that were performed for
> him to come to that conclusion, so I developed an extreme distrust for
> that discipline.
>
> tx
> Jeff
>
> "Kofi" <kofi(a)anon.un> wrote in message
> news:kofi-38B769.20351414052007(a)news.east.earthlink.net...
>> In the last year, allergic rhinitis has been linked to abnormal immune
>> reactions to the chitin produced by fungi and mites in sinus passages.
>> While looking through the butyrate literature, I came across an old
>> reference to the ability of butyrate to reduce chitin production in
>> yeast cells (Candida albicans).
>>
>> Butyrate is produced by some bacteria when they digest dietary fiber.
>> Yeast and bacteria live side by side on surfaces of the human body like
>> the lining of the intestines where they compete for nutrients and help
>> the body digest food and manufacture vitamins. Normally these organisms
>> stay in balance due to this competition but heavy antibiotic exposure
>> can throw that balance out of whack and lead to fungal infections and
>> allergies. Butyrate provides a common, underlying link connecting
>> rhinitis, allergies and mold sensitivity.
>>
>> Butyrate stimulates regulatory T-cells. A drop in Tregs can cause
>> autoimmunity whereas boosting their numbers and function alleviates
>> autoimmune symptoms - like, theoretically, a mold allergy. Butyrate
>> also reduces chitin production. Killing the bacteria which produce
>> butyrate would then encourage autoimmunity/allergy and prompt more
>> chitin production by surviving yeast, thus affecting individuals
>> predisposed to be sensitive to the higher levels of chitin. (By the
>> way, many of these bacteria themselves have anti-inflammatory, calming
>> influences on the immune system. The body recognizes fragments of their
>> genetic code or cell surface chemicals and turns off its inflammatory
>> reactions.)
>>
>> It's just a theory I've cobbled together but it fits the facts fairly
>> well. I've certainly noticed a drop in my allergies and runny nose
>> while taking butyrate and carnitine. This may explain part of it.
>> Correlation doesn't establish causation but these coincidences point to
>> an hypothesis worthy of wider testing.
>>
>>
>> Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):330-5.
>>
>> Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic
>> rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
>>
>> Ramanathan M Jr, Lee WK, Lane AP.
>>
>> Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins
>> University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0910, USA.
>>
>> BACKGROUND: Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungi,
>> insects, and parasitic nematodes. Innate immune host defense against
>> chitin-containing pathogens include production of chitinases. In human
>> lower airways, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced in
>> epithelial cells via a Th2-specific, IL-13-dependent pathway, and may
>> act as an inflammatory mediator in asthma. The role of AMCase in chronic
>> rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been studied previously. METHODS: Eleven
>> controls and 22 subjects with medically recalcitrant CRS were
>> prospectively enrolled before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. RNA
>> was extracted from surgically obtained ethmoid mucosa, and real-time PCR
>> was used to determine expression of AMCase, eotaxin, and IL-13. Subjects
>> were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively to assess for polyp
>> recurrence. Based on the presence or absence of polyps, the subjects
>> were classified as either recalcitrant or responsive to therapy.
>> RESULTS: AMCase mRNA was detected in the sinus mucosa of 72% of control
>> subjects and in 72% of patients with eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps
>> (CRSwNP). The expression of AMCase was significantly greater in
>> recalcitrant CRSwNP than it was in treatment-responsive CRSwNP. There
>> was no significant difference in IL-13 expression between these two
>> groups. CONCLUSION: AMCase may be an important mediator in the
>> pathogenesis of Th2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.
>> Failure of medical and surgical therapy in CRSwNP is associated with
>> significantly increased expression of AMCase, but not the Th2 cytokines
>> IL-13 and eotaxin. Additional studies are needed to determine the
>> potential of AMCase as a therapeutic target in CRSwNP.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>>
>> PMID: 16871939
>>
>>
>> Can J Microbiol. 1987 Jun;33(6):546-50.
>>
>> Effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on chitin synthesis in Candida
>> albicans.
>>
>> Braun PC, Hector RF, Kamark ME, Hart JT, Cihlar RL.
>>
>> Experiments were conducted to gain insight concerning the mechanism(s)
>> whereby cerulenin and sodium butyrate affect chitin synthesis in Candida
>> albicans. In vitro studies with isolated membrane-bound chitin synthase
>> from C. albicans, strain 4918, showed that neither agent affected the
>> level of either unactivated or trypsin-activated enzyme activity.
>> Subsequent studies utilizing protoplasts revealed that early in the cell
>> wall regeneration process, cells treated with cerulenin or butyrate
>> synthesized chitin at a rate equal to untreated controls, as measured by
>> the incorporation of [3H]-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) into acid-alkali
>> insoluble material. However, after 40 min of incubation, the
>> incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc into chitin is reduced in cells treated with
>> either agent. On the other hand, samples taken during the same time
>> intervals and analyzed by flow cytometry suggested that the amount of
>> chitin synthesis in treated and untreated cells was identical. A marked
>> decrease in fluorescence was observed in similar experiments using
>> polyoxin D, a direct inhibitor of chitin synthase activity. Experiments
>> that measured uptake of [3H]GlcNAc into both whole cells and protoplasts
>> demonstrated that cerulenin and butyrate had no effect on the transport
>> of the chitin precursor.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>>
>> PMID: 2957042 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>>
>>
>> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Sep;24(3):401-8.
>>
>> Inhibitory effect of cerulenin and sodium butyrate on germination of
>> Candida albicans.
>>
>> Hoberg KA, Cihlar RL, Calderone RA.
>>
>> Candida albicans germination in liquid medium was inhibition by the
>> antilipogenic agent cerulenin and the fatty acid sodium butyrate.
>> Although these inhibitors prevented germ tube emergence at
>> concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 20 mM, respectively, neither
>> significantly affected cell viability as judged by trypan blue staining
>> or the rate of protein biosynthesis throughout the time course of the
>> experiments. Cerulenin treatment resulted in inhibition of lipid
>> biosynthesis, but lipid biosynthetic capabilities remained unaltered in
>> sodium butyrate-supplemented cultures. Because each inhibitor blocks
>> germination by different mechanisms, their utility in distinguishing
>> events directly correlated to germination was examined. In this context,
>> chitin synthase activity was inhibited by both compounds, confirming the
>> importance of chitin biosynthesis in C. albicans germination.
>>
>> Publication Types:
>> * Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
>> * Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
>>
>> PMID: 6357077
>
>


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