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From: Human_And_Animal_Behavior_Forensic_Sciences_Research_Laboratory on 11 May 2007 23:39 HOWEDY R D S, Even blindness can be caused by EMOTIONAL STRESS and CHOKING. Subject: Re: UPDATE: Dog going blind, what can I do? Date: 2003-09-28 18:21:31 PST HOWEDY People, Just reported this week from opthamologic society that men who wear tight fitting neckties tend to have MOORE glaucoma. You can't be jerking and choking and scoldin your dogs no MOORE You're KILLIN and making your dogs go blind, to boot: The most common precipitating events include illness, emotional stress, trauma, intense concentration, and pharmacologic pupillary dilation.[Sugar, 1941 #116; Lowe, 1961 #8957] The role of emotional stress in inducing acute angle-closure should not be underestimated.[Inman, 1929 #190; Egan, 1955 #189; Cross, 1960 #188] From: David Wright (djwri...(a)tesco.net) Subject: Re: Effects of emotions on glaucoma Newsgroups: alt.support.glaucoma Date: 1999/07/01 The role of stress in glaucoma is difficult to establish but anecdotal evidence from many doctors suggests that it might well play a role in glaucoma. As far as we know there are not any clinical papers on the subject, indeed part of the problem in investigating the relationship of stress to any condition is that the investigation itself tends to be somewhat stressful. However, the best advice would be to keep stress levels as low as possible without raising them again by worrying about it. David Wright MSAE Chief Executive, International Glaucoma Association While we are pleased to offer the above information, it is not possible for the International Glaucoma Association to advise on an individual patient's eye condition or treatment as this has to be the role of their own doctor or eye specialist who knows the full details of their particular case. ---------- In article <7lfuf7$f5...(a)nnrp1.deja.com>, m...(a)my-deja.com wrote: > I seem to recall hearing on occasion the role of stress on > eye pressure. My doc asked me on my last tonometry if I was > under stress. However, after researching the subject I cannot > find out anything. > > Many areas of medicine have acknowleged > the role of stress reduction on things such as blood > pressure, the immune system, pain sensitivity etc. > What about things like anxiety, insomnia, anger, depression, > etc and the effects on eye pressure. Is there any correlation? > > Does biofeedback have any effect on reducing eye pressure? If > there hasn't been any research like this there should be! I > would appreciate any thoughts on this subject. > Thanks. From: ritch (r...(a)inx.inx.net) Subject: Re: Cerebrospinal Pressure,Glaucoma, etc. Newsgroups: sci.med.vision, alt.support.glaucoma Date: 1996/01/26 2. Constant elevated IOP was shown to block axoplasmic transport at the level of the lamina cribrosa a generation ago by electron microscopic studies. However, it has more recently been advocated that shear stress is just as important. In the latter case, changes in IOP can cause sliding of the plates of the lamina cribrosa over each other, twisting and damaging the axons that pass through it. ========================= Natural Eye Care, An Encyclopedia: Complementary Treatments For Improving And Saving Your Eyes Marc Grossman, O.D., L.Ac. & Glen Swartwout, O.D. Keats Publishing/NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc. 4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood, IL 60646 0-87983-704-7 $16.95 As well as being practicing optometrists, Dr. Marc Grossman and Dr. Glen Swartwout have been trained in Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and naturopathic medicine. Both have also published previous books. Their joint effort, Natural Eye Care, An Encyclopedia: Complementary Treatments For Improving And Saving Your Eyes, draws from the best of traditional and modern medicine for the prevention and treatment of eye disorders. The authors say that their "primary goal is to offer a practical approach to vision care based on an underlying philosophy that emphasizes prevention rather than cure." They begin with a fascinating discussion of how the eye functions, including information like "the entire blood volume of the body passes through the eyes every 40 minutes or so." Although many of us don't realize it, our eyes are the first to suffer when we feel physical or mental stress. They also cite studies showing that allergies in children improve when their vision is enhanced through vision therapy. Dr. Grossman and Dr. Swartwout devote one chapter to a explanation of the various natural treatments and how they are used for treating vision disorders. They emphasize the "vision diet," which focuses on eating lots of fresh foods and eliminating processed or refined foods. They also discuss the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupressure, herbs, physical exercise, eye exercises, spinal adjustments, and homeopathy in preventing and treating eye diseases. Each of the following eye diseases have their own chapter: glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, dry eyes, sties, floaters, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). The authors provide a description of the causes and symptoms of each disease, and a summary of conventional treatment. They then describe a healing program for those who have each vision disorder, based on natural treatments. Each chapter ends with a prevention program for those who still have healthy eyes. An appendix provides acupressure directions. They also include an extensive reference section, and listing for resources for those who can't obtain natural products locally. Dr. Grossman and Dr. Swartwout say that "the good news is that we don't have to be passive victims of eye disease. Eye deterioration can often be stopped--and even reversed." Readers will find Natural Eye Care, An Encyclopedia a comprehensive and invaluable resource for the prevention and treatment of vision disorders. Paper. 196 pp. FIGGER IT HOWET. The Amazing Puppy Wizard. <{} ; ~ ) > From: "The Puppy Wizard" <ThePuppyWiz...(a)earthlink.net> Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2004 01:59:28 GMT Subject: Re: thyroid and blindness - is there a connection? "culprit" <culp...(a)flashmail.com> wrote in message news:c5pvnj$4gn4d$1(a)ID-58739.news.uni-berlin.de... > is it possible that the blindness is associated > with the thyroid disorder or medication? > -kelly Subject: Re: Cleaning teeth Date: 2003-11-02 03:30:05 PST HOWEDY Professora Daniel, That's true. When we supplement calcium the body "unlearns" HOWE to 'manufacture' it. That means the body can't replace the Ca that's been burned off from exercise or stress, between doses. That'll cause BIG trHOWEBLE, maybe even heart attacks. Same same with other brain chemicals affected by some of the psychotropic drugs like ssri inhibitors. So, while we may need to supplement for a particular reason we've got to use them judiciHOWESLY so as to not become unable to manufacture and extract those chemicals from HOWER system given a well balanced natural diet. What it boils dHOWEN to is the brain and body are running on a biochemical electric system. WithHOWET the proper balance of enzymes electrolytes amino acids and conductors like zinc iron copper magnese etc we're gonna lose trainsmisson of the electro chemicals responsible for every function of the organism. Calcium stones and recurrent irritable bHOWEL and urinary tract inflammations in professor SCRUFF SHAKE'S little dog Maxie The Magnificent FuriHOWESLY Obsessive Compulsive Masturbator were CAUSED BY STRESS and could not be controled through medical care at the cost of hundreds and hundreds of dollars, were relieved through sexual stimulation a mano using a warm moist tHOWEL and aloe gel, hence PROVING The Puppy Wizard's SYNDROME. Of curse, The Puppy Wizard recommended BEING NICE, but not THAT NICE. HE recommneds using the relaxing methods taught in your FREE copy of The Puppy Wizard's FREE WWW Wits' End Dog Training Method Manual, not becoming a sex surrogate for the hyperactive little Maxie. Magnesium is nature's muscle (and brain) relaxant. B6 is used in over 200 biochemical reactions. It works with magnesium and essential fatty acids (EPA, DHA) to calm inflammed neurons. B6 has been used for morning sickness and carpal tunnel syndrome for a century. C reduces inflamations and may prevent chd and may be effective for critcal care given IV for stuff like distemper or parvo. Upsetting the delicate balances of acids, hormones, all the electro chemicals necessary for neuro STUFF by overstressing / undernourishing, is what precipitates the devastating physical DIS-EASES nHOWE known as The Puppy Wizard's SYNDROME we're seein so much of here abHOWETS in the dogs on The Puppy Wizard's FREE WWW Wits' End Dog Training Method Forum, every thing from seizures to neuro myopathies degenerative nuropathies and myalgias, glaucoma, adrenal / thyroid / endocrine DIS-EASE, blindness and even dental DIS-EASE. The Puppy Wizard has seen little need to clean HIS dog's teeth. If you look at the dogs with dental DIS-EASE you'll probably find them to be anxiHOWES neurotic excessive chewers and fast eaters. Perhaps instead of over supplementing we should concentrate on a nutritious diet with the correct balances of building blocks particularly vitamin C and omega 3 fatty acids, remove toxins from the environment, including and ESPECIALLY STRESS, food preservatives, allergens and phenols in HOWEshold cleaners to allHOWE the body to function at it's best. Recent research at UCLA sez emotional stress from scolding / embarrassment / punishment / rejection, causes MOORE DAMAGE than the stress from physical punishment. Took em long enough, didn't it? The Puppy Wizard. <} ; ~ ) > http://www.econ.uiuc.edu/~hanko/Bio/stress.html Everyone experiences stress. Whether it is everyday hassles, such as being stuck in traffic, or more acute forms of stress, such as pain or traumatic experiences, stress plays a part in everyone's lives. In this paper I will discuss the various forms of stress, how stress affects the immune system, and how that affectation influences diseases. Before diving right into the technical aspects of stressors and the immune system, I need to define several terms. A stressor is any stimuli that causes a nonspecific response in an indidual, otherwise known as stress (Elliott and Eisdorfer, 1982). There are two main catagories of stress: acute and chronic. Acute stressors include unpleasant films, understimulation/work underload, overstimulation/work overload, unexpected or uncontrollable noise, prestige or status loss, electric shock, uncontrollable situations, physical illness, surgery, threats to self-esteem, and traumatic experiences. Chronic stressors include sleep deprivation, daily "hassles", work overload or underload, role strains, or social isolation. There are, of course, many more things that can cause stress, but these are the stressors most commonly used in experimental research and most commonly seen in the general population (Elliott and Eisdorfer, 1982). While there is no way to predict conclusively how an individual will respond to different stressors, stress does cause some common changes. Emotionally, stress can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). But even these seemingly simple reactions have high degrees of expressivity, and different individuals are affected in different ways. Individual differences in responding to challenge are products of genetics, developmental and environmental influences, and experience (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). Some people may cope well with stress, rising to the challenge and meeting their goals. Others may be more adversely affected by stressors, leading to mental as well as physical fatigue. But under what mechanism does this occur? How does stress, a vague and ambiguous term, cause specific and documented changes in the body? In order to understand these changes, I must first introduce you to the immune system. The immune system protects the body from disease organisms and other foreign bodies, known as antigens. The first line of defense is local barriers such as the skin, peritoneum, etc, and inflammation due to immunoglobulins, or antibodies. If those fail to block or destroy the antigens, the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response kick in. The cell-mediated response uses sensitized T cells (white blood cells derived in the thymus) to recognize, attach to, and render antigens inactive. Other types of T cells, helper T cells, which aid in production of antibodies by B (bone marrow) cells, and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, which inhibit that production, are also essential for proper immune system function. Helper T cells are also known as CD4 cells, and suppressor T cells are known as CD8 cells (Glaser, Anderson & Anderson, 1992). Studies by Manuck, et al in 1991 showed that psychological stressors induced cell division among CD8 cells, thereby increasing the number of CD8 cells and suppressing immune function. However, this response was only seen in those subjects who also showed high heart rate change and catecholamine change during the stressors. This was consistent with the theory that there are two groups of people those who are "high reactors", and those who are "low reactors". High reactors are significantly affected by stress, as shown by a significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure, catecholamines, and CD8 cells. Low reactors show little or no change in those areas (Manuck, et al, 1991). Catecholamines are chemicals produced by the body that work in nerve transmission. The three main catecholamines include dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Dopamine raises the heart rate and blood pressure, epinephrine raises heart rate and opens blood vessels (lowering blood pressure), and norepinephrine closes blood vessels (raising blood pressure) (Glaser, Anderson & Anderson, 1992). Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the catecholamines most commonly measured in stress experiments, and both increase under stress. Increases such as these can suppress aspects of immune function, including natural killer cell (cells that attack antigens without having recognized them first) activity. Increases in catacholemines may also rapidly alter cell numbers via redistribution (Naliboff, et al, 1991). In fact, changes in epinephrine levels are thought to reflect lymphocyte migration from bone marrow, the extremities, and the thymus (Kiecolt-Glaser, et al, 1992) to other areas of the body. How do these chemical changes influence disease? It is well known that asthma, diabetes, various gastro-intestinal disorders, heart disease and viral infections are influenced by stress, but to what extent? When the immune system is suppressed, as it is under stress, latent viruses can obviously stage a comeback, but how does stress affect non-viral diseases? In asthma, a disease which involves both external and internal factors, it is the internal factor that is most affected by acute effects of psychological stressors. Studies have shown that children with chronic asthma inprove considerably when away from their parents. The changes may have resulted from removal of an interaction that produced frequent stressful situations. In 1974, Liebman et al successfully used family therapy to treat severe and chronic asthma in seven out of seven children. Additionally, asthmatics exposed to a harmless substance that they thought they were allergic to illicited a severe attack (Elliott & Eisdorfer, 1982). Even more importantly, interactions between antigens and immunoglobulin E antibodies lead to the release of histamine, which blocks airways, and other mediating agents (Elliot & Eisdorfer, 1982). When antigens have an easier time invading the body, as they do under stress, the number of such interactions increases considerably. Diabetes mellitus, the most common form of diabetes, is significantly affected by stress. Physical or psychological stressors can alter insulin needs; stressors may often be responsible for episodes of loss of control, especially in diabetic children. Type II diabetes is most often affected by stress, as it tends to occur in overweight adults and is a less severe form of diabetes (Elliot & Eisdorfer, 1982). Additionally, children who had stressful life events stemming from actual or threatened losses within the family and occuring between ages 5 and 9 had a significantly higher risk of Type I diabetes (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcers and ulcerative colitis are known to be greatly influenced by stress. Peptic ulcers occur twice as often in air traffic controllers as in civilian copilots, and occured more frequently among air traffic controllers at high-stress control centers (Chicago O'Hare, La Guardia, JFK, and Los Angeles International Airport) than at low-stress control centers (airports in less-populated cities in Virginia, Ohio, Texas, and Michigan). Although stress is a major risk factor in peptic ulcers, more than 20 other factors are thought to be associated as well; blood type, sex, HLA antigen type, alcoholic cirrhosis, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cigarette smoking, and even consumption of coffee, carbonated beverages or milk during college (Elliott & Eisdorfer, 1982). Ulcers are caused by excessive stomach acid, and studies of patients with gastric fistulas (openings leading from the stomach to the outside of the body) have shown that anger and hostility increase stomach acidity, while depression and withdrawal decrease it. Stress ulcers frequently occur in patients who experience severe trauma, extensive surgery, major burns or infections, brain injury or surgery, or other catastrophic events. Stress ulcers are quite different from peptic ulcers; they are acute, hemorrhagic (bleeding), and are usually preceeded by shock (Ballieux, 1984). Myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) is the best-known example of an acute health problem that is usually precipitated by both acute and chronic physical or psychological stress. Interactions between diet and stress lead to a condition that promotes endocrine imbalances that alter body fat distributions, as well as increase atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries). Studies have shown that people with Type A behavior (unusually aggressive, competitive, work-oriented, and urgent behavior) have a much higher incidence of heart attacks than do Type B people, who exhibit fewer of these traits. In addition, Type A behavior is associated with high cholesterol, triglycerides, glucocorticoids; a greater insulin response to glucose; increased severity of coronary artery lesions; and greater range and magnitude of blood pressure and catecholamine responses to timed tests (Elliott & Eisdorfer, 1982). As stated earlier, stress increases catecholamines, and the increase of plasma catecholamines enhances platelet aggregation, lowers the threshold to cardiac arrythmias, induces narrowing of the blood vessels, and suppresses insulin secretion (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). All of these combined can lead to a very high risk of heart attack or angina. Psychological stress has also been shown to increase susceptibility to viral infection. Subjects exposed to stress showed increases in infection rates from 74% to 90%, and clinical colds rose from 27% to 47%. Earlier studies have shown that medical students have an increased risk of mononucleosis during examination periods (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). This is not surprising, as stress does suppress the immune system; latent viruses then have an easier time resurging, since the body cannot defend itself as well (Brosschot, et al, 1994). This is supported by studies showing that colds and other infections manifest themselves on weekends after busy and stressful work weeks. Additionally, studies on monkeys have shown that ulceration showed up most severely during the rest and recovery periods, rather than during the stress period itself (McEwen & Stellar, 1993). In conclusion, psychological stress does have a significant affect on the immune system. It raises catecholamine and CD8 levels, which suppresses the immune system. This suppression, in turn, raises the risk of viral infection. Stress also leads to the release of histamines, which can trigger severe broncoconstriction in asthmatics. Stress increases the risk for diabetes mellitus, especially in overweight individuals, since psychological stress alters insulin needs. Psychological stress also alters the acid concentration in the stomach, which can lead to peptic ulcers, stress ulcers, or ulcerative colitis. Chronic stress can also lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, especially if combined with a high-fat diet. This buildup is called atherosclerosis, and is often responsible for angina or heart attacks, which are usually brought on by acute stress themselves. These diseases are by no means the only ones connected with psychological stress, although they are the most common. Further research is needed to clarify exactly how stressors contribute to each of these problems, so that treatment can be given to protect the body from these diseases
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